The objectives of the present article are: (1) to restore moral elements in a new conceptualization of loyalty, (2) to clarify the distinctions between loyalty and commitment, and (3) to draw connections between loyalty and current research in business ethics. Clugston, M., Howell, J. P., & Dorfman, P. W. (2000). Med. ), Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie (pp. Birch, A. H. (1975). Retrieved on January 2, 2017 from: https://repositorium.uni-osnabrueck.de/bitstream/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201103088005/1/thesis_barghorn.pdf. Peter, J. P. (1981). New York: Wiley. The Importance of Employee Loyalty and How To Improve It 119(2), 367381 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1002/job.4030160309. The purpose of principal component analysis is to find the most meaningful basis and express the similarities and differences in the data. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9134.2011.00306.x. Mark. . Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005). But even in good economic times, employees are also looking for the next big thing. The dimension of loyalty scale is based on the work of Kumar and Shah52,53,54; the dimension of work quality scale is derived from Parasuraman39 and Hong et al.55; and the dimension of employee satisfaction scale was adapted from Ibanez et al.39, Liu et al.41, Anderson et al.56 and Zhang57. (1991). Pearson correlation analysis was used to verify the correlations between study variables. Cohen, A., & Veled-Hecht, A. Pfeiffer, R. S. (1992). Therefore, according to the identification of the variable coefficient of the mediation variable47, satisfaction is considered the mediator of the model. Whence consumer loyalty? Gumusluoglu, L., Karakitapolu-Aygn, Z., & Hirst, G. (2013). Retaining employees refers to business organisations' efforts to maintain a working environment that encourages staff to remain and grow. 2. Child Youth Care Forum 34, 1 (2005). Psychol. Job satisfaction and organizational commitment for nurses. All standardized parameter estimates are shown in Fig. (McGraw Hill, 1978). Josee, B. Econ. Munich & Mehring, Germany: Rainer Hampp Verlag. https://doi.org/10.1108/01443570210412060. Management Review, 62(6), 5456. Whether the economy is contracting, booming, or stagnating . Bringing the best of brand management to people at work. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, 51(1), 5063. Therefore, controlling for the employee's dynamic psychological characteristics (employee satisfaction, loyalty) and adjusting the system of safety management measures and psychological characteristics to adapt to the characteristics of the psychological contract, the safety and risk awareness of staff can be improved, errors can be reduced, personnel can be screened, and the occurrence of safety accidents can be curbed. Multiple commitments at work and extrarole behavior during three stages of organizational tenure. Employee loyalty also plays a large role. Dont be afraid to embrace it, but do remember to keep your eyes open. Popular opinions are the following three: behavioral loy-alty, attitude loyalty and comprehensive theory. The questionnaire survey, which was conducted in only one mine in one region, was not compared across multiple situations from a large diversity of locations and environments to reduce the chance that the results would be valid for only a single case. Table 2 shows that all variables were significantly correlated (p<0.01). There is a significant positive correlation between switching cost and employee loyalty. Abstract In order to contribute to a more holistic understanding of employee loyalty, the concept and components of employee loyalty are derived and explained in this chapter. Prediction of goal-directed behavior: Attitudes, intentions, and perceived behavioral control. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.75.1.51. This book aims to provide a deeper understanding of the concept and negative outcomes of employee loyalty, considering employees in organizations and OB theory, and comparing employee experiences across both European and East Asian cultures. Smith, A. D., & Rupp, W. T. (2002). Full article: An empirical study of employee loyalty, service quality British Journal of Industrial Relations, 41(1), 115134. Exit, voice, loyalty, and pay: Evidence from the public workforce. Ind. Definition: Employee Loyalty is the extent to which the personnel are faithful to the organization, having feelings of bonding, inclusion, care, responsibility and devotion towards it. Group and Organization Management, 26(1), 93113. Understanding organizational behavior. Career Development International, 14(7), 655670. Journal of Business Ethics, 12(5), 387396. Rekindling organizational loyalty: The role of career mobility. 18, 382388 (1981). Human Resource Management Review, 17(3), 336354. According to the questionnaire survey of miners' cognition of working environment conditions, enterprise image and their psychological dynamics of job satisfaction and loyalty, dynamic monitoring of miners' psychological changes during practical production was performed through this research model. Hollebeek, L. D., & Haar, J. M. (2012). Management ethics impact on organizational loyalty. (1997). https://doi.org/10.1016/0148-2963(93)90041-M. Grosman, B. J. Violations of principle: Ideological currency in the psychological contract. https://doi.org/10.1177/0899764006287207. Rep. 10, 10724. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67757-1 (2020). Mark. It provides new ideas and theoretical support for safety management decisions and dynamic management in mining enterprises. Affective, continuance, and normative commitment to the organization: An examination of construct validity. Internet Explorer). https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1031(86)90045-4. 74, 591598 (1989). Although many scholars have studied employee loyalty theoretically, there is still no clear definition of employee loyalty up to now [12]. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-06-2013-0129. Oldenquist, A. J. Liu, Z., Su, X. The enterprise management mode and system were adjusted in real time. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317902320369749. Caldwell, C., & Canuto-Carranco, M. (2010). SAM Advanced Management Journal, 65(3), 48. (2002). Pract. https://doi.org/10.1108/02683941011013849. Wuhan, China. The findings of the study demonstrated the important characteristics of satisfaction as a driving factor and mediating variable with direct and indirect relationships with mine workers' loyalty. J. In F. X. Bea, B. Friedl, & M. Schweitzer (Eds. For example, work quality in this paper is a multidimensional structure with second-order latent variables in four structures: comfortability, reliability, responsiveness and empathy. CFA verification results can provide evidence for the convergence and discriminant validity of theoretical constructs68. Assessing psychological contracts: Issues, alternatives and measures. Oliver, R. (1999). Google Scholar. Comparison of the results with the corresponding critical values showed that the conceptual model fit the empirical data well86. Therefore, it may not be possible to completely control the implementation of the questionnaire survey. Krger, W. (2005). Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 5(3), 201218. Psychological contracts and OCB: The effect of unfulfilled obligations on civic virtue behavior. https://doi.org/10.2307/30040639. Work loyalty and individualism in the United States and Canada. Retrieved on September 28, 2016 from: https://www.selfmedic.de/archiv/2012/team/vision-und-strategie/mit-begeisterte-kunden-und-motivierten-mitarbeitern-zum-erfolg. Sustainability 11, 4591 (2019). Perspectives envisaging employee loyalty. Arbeitsklima entscheidet ber Mitarbeiterloyalitt. Hirschman, A. O. 4, 3638 (2003). Employee retention: definition, strategies and benefits Cheng, B.-S., Chou, L.-F., Wu, T.-Y., Huang, M.-P., & Farh, J.-L. (2004). Bels, J. Randall, D. M. (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-004-6713-x. Personnel Psychology, 53(2), 275297. Staehle, W. 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(2010). Guidelines for Best Practice in Cross-Cultural Surveys (Institute for Social Research. Struct. 19(4), 403425 (2001). Psychological contract violations during corporate restructuring. Spector, P. Satisfaction: Application, Assessment Causes and Consequences (Sage, 1997). Employee satisfaction also includes a comparison of future expectations of one's own work and external future opportunities24. Human error is defined as the failure of planned actions to achieve the expected goals, although human error is a major cause of unsafe behavior in accidents8,9,10. In this paper, the higher-order mediation model is involved. ABSTRACT Workplace Performance, Worker Commitment and Loyalty* Using matched employer-employee level data drawn from the 2004 UK Workplace and Employee Relations Survey, we explore the determinants of a measure of worker commitment and loyalty (CLI) and whether CLIinfluences workplace performance. Stratified random sampling was performed in this study according to the working characteristics of each miner and the number of miners in the whole mine. Cronbach's alpha is a measure of the reliability of a scale or test that overcomes the disadvantage of partial splitting. Service Business, 7(4), 665686. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1025034504937. Barry, B. In terms of the mediating effect of employee satisfaction, the nonsignificant coefficient of the direct influence between switching cost and employee loyalty (standardized =0.039, C.R. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159586. Further investigation of the outcomes of loyalty to supervisor Job satisfaction and intention to stay. Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Organizational commitment as a predictor variable in nursing turnover research: Literature review. The effects of emotional intelligence on service recovery and organizational loyalty: A case of flight attendants of South Korean airlines. Henneberg, C. U. All values are higher than the minimum of 0.5 recommended by Fornell and Larcker83. Facilitating new deals. This kind of security management thinking becomes particularly important. (1973). Google scholar: The pros and the cons. The results show that there is a linear positive correlation between employee satisfaction and employee loyalty in mining enterprises. Cohen, A. In H. Meffert, H. Steffenhagen, & H. Freter (Eds. The study adopted a subjective survey for measurement. Annu. Int. Bateman, T. S., & Organ, D. W. (1983). Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(1), 125139. 2, 3). Kim, M., Park, M. & Jeong, D. The effects of customer satisfaction and switching barrier on customer loyalty in Korean mobile telecommunication. When you find yourself in a fraught, loyalty-influenced situation, try taking a step back and changing how you think about it. Employee Loyalty: Measurement and Validation - Tanusree Dutta, Swati https://doi.org/10.1177/002188602237793. Matching ethical work climate to in-role and extra-role behaviors in a collectivist work setting. The Concept of Employee Loyalty. Journal of Knowledge Management, 6(3), 250261. Enterp. Loyalty: How much? The relationship among a contractor's risk perception, attitude and behavior has been analyzed11. https://doi.org/10.1108/13552529710171993. WirtschaftsWoche. In addition, being loyal to your employer can improve your own performance, reduce job-related stress, and open up new opportunities. Criminal Justice Ethics, 15(2), 4462. work environments, which will enable employees to have balance between work and personal responsibilities and thus strengthen employee loyalty and productivity. A wake-up call. International Journal of Service Industry Management, 15(4), 332350. As shown in Table 4, the five factors do not have convergent and discriminant validity or reliability problems in this study. Retrieved on September 9, 2016 from: http://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=16664&context=rtd. 7, 197202 (2005). An integrative theory of intergroup conflict. Electronic Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, 11(2), 2933. Podsakoff, P. & Organ, D. Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Many employees were aware of what was happening, but decided to remain quiet, in large part because they thought they were, doing it for the companys interest.. Health. Policy 28, 145159 (2004). 120, 865876 (2019). Loyalty is an important value that can benefit you as a young professional in the start of a new job or career. Seeking out ways to collaborate with coworkers can increase the chances of behaving ethically. Chen, Z. X., Farh, J. L., & Tsui, A. S. (1998). Most of the respondents had 510years (78.6%) of working experience in their current company. Request Permissions. Excell. Bus. After the elimination of incomplete and invalid questionnaires, 440 useful responses were obtained for data analysis, with an effective rate of 92.1%. This can be a good thing. Personnel Review, 39(5), 537556. Understanding and managing the human side of work (8th ed.). Prior to SEM analysis, the raw data were filtered to identify possible problems47. (2013). J. Manag. They visualize the company's victory as their success, too, and never let other employees' strength and motivation down. There is a significant positive correlation between employee satisfaction and employee loyalty. Anderson, J. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872679905200703. The influence of outsourcing on organizational loyalty: A phenomenological study in the aerospace industry (Doctoral dissertation). Upper Saddle River: Pearson Education International. 19(2), 2031 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123400008048. Journal of Management, 31(6), 874900. Value is created by satisfied, loyal, and productive. The role of employee relationship proneness in creating employee loyalty. The loyal employees always strive to achieve the targets in whatever manner. Dispositional group loyalty and individual action for the benefit of an ingroup: Experimental and correlational evidence. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 86(4), 585598. 2. Wissensmanagement, 4(1), 4244. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0502-5. Organizational identification: Issues and implications. Scholars have put forward many theories about the definition of employee job satisfaction. This result suggests that improving enterprise image and reputation and employee treatment are important to employee satisfaction88. (2007). 82(4), 277294 (2006). Dutton, J. E., Dukerich, J. M., & Harquail, C. V. (1994). Employee loyalty at the workplace: The impact of Japanese style of human resource management. Turkyilmaz et al.28 and Matzler et al.48 reported a significant mediating effect of employee satisfaction on employee loyalty. Comput. Thus, job satisfaction is a function of one's needs being met to some extent28. Tekleab, A. G., & Taylor, M. S. (2003). Shiv, B., & Fedorikhin, A. Al-Aameri, A. When something looks or feels wrong, say something to your colleagues or managers. Social identity and the problem of loyalty in knowledge-intensive companies. A good enterprise image can improve employees' satisfaction and identification with the company40. Wiesbaden, Germany: Deutscher Universitts-Verlag. Corporate loyalty: Its objects and its grounds. Blau, P. Exchange and Power in Social Life (Transaction Publishers, 1964). Career commitment and career success: Moderating role of self-efficacy. Although the above studies support the positive relationship between job quality and employee loyalty, most studies have found that the direct relationship is not significant38,39 because the relationship between work quality and employee loyalty is affected by the mediating variable of employee satisfaction. Recently, researchers discovered that shifting ones perspective or mindset can influence how they think about and respond to dilemmas of loyalty. J. Appl. Organizations highly value loyal employees. Motivating people Loyalty-Based Management by Frederick F. Reichheld From the Magazine (March-April 1993) Despite a flurry of activities aimed at serving customers better, only a few companies. Enterprise loyalty means that the enterprise creates an acceptable corporate culture and environment for its employees and provides them with development opportunities and material rewards, so that they can devote themselves wholeheartedly to their work and integrate their personal development into the development of the enterprise34. Manag. Akademiestrae 6, Technische Universitt Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany, You can also search for this author in The Concept of Employee Loyalty | SpringerLink (2002). In addition, this study mainly investigated the employees of mining enterprises in high-altitude and cold areas to establish an employee loyalty model. https://doi.org/10.1177/0007650302041003006. This study investigates four aspects of work quality (comfortability, reliability, responsiveness and empathy). 2012 (Doctor aldissertation, Universiti Utara Malaysia). For example, one of us (Sowden) and his colleagues recently found that when people were asked to confirm that they witnessed a close friend commit an unethical act such as theft or fraud, they were more likely to tell the truth when they took a step back and thought about the situation from a distanced, third-person (vs. first-person) perspective. Exit, voice, loyalty and neglect: Responses to dissatisfaction in romantic involvements. J. Appl. Paternalistic leadership and subordinate responses: Establishing a leadership model in Chinese organizations. Sci. When you are loyal to your organization, generally you and your organization will be better off. Loyalty in business: Subversive doctrine or real need? All subjects provided written informed consent prior to being monitored. Fram, E. H. (1995). Career versus organizational commitment: Antecedents and consequences of retail salespeoples commitment. Therefore, loyalty is characterized by a strong desire to remain a member of the organization, which plays a positive role in retaining members of the organization. Zohar and Luria12 believed that the security climate was a subset of organizational climate, and employees' behaviors were shaped by their expectations of organizational value and the reward system. Bloemer, J. J. Eng. Maybe its your first job out of college or maybe youve switched roles a few years after graduation. 17, 12611271 (2007). The relationship between interpersonal trust, employee satisfaction, and employee loyalty. Druckman, D. (1994). Most studies indicate that employee satisfaction is mostly based on work quality. When group loyalty makes us see evil or engage in it. The mean variance of each structure is shown in Table 4, and the relationship between the variance caused by relevant basic factors and the variance caused by measurement error is measured. All authors gave final approval for publication. Research on the competitiveness of knowledge-based workers in knowledge-based organization. A loyal employee is the one who is devoted to the organization, is faithful, bonds, cares and feels responsible for it. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513563. Lee, J. H., Kim, M. S., & Jeon, A. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00882029. Administrative Science Quarterly, 15(2), 176190. In basic research, the reliability measure coefficients of all components exceeded the threshold value of 0.7067, and each measurement remained above the values of 3 explanatory variables to achieve a correctly identified or overidentified model. Eng. (2006). 4, 3746 (2015). When organizations fail to meet individual expectations, the employee turnover rate in the construction industry will increase, which will lead to the collapse of the employment relationship and thus facilitate accidents18. Academy of Management Journal, 47(3), 350367. Not so strange bedfellows: Marketing and total quality management. Employee satisfaction is defined as the pleasant or positive emotional state generated by the evaluation of a job or work experience27. https://doi.org/10.1080/096525498346577. Google Scholar. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 11(1), 118. To test the proposed model, a double translation protocol was utilized to develop the questionnaire61. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1994.1080. The scale covers five dimensions of miners' loyalty. https://doi.org/10.2307/222610. In the CFA measurement model shown in Fig. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF0138503. 54(2), 6982 (1990). Informed consent was obtained from all subjects following a detailed explanation of the study objectives and protocol to each subject. Meyer, S. & Collier, D. An empirical test of the causal relationships in the Baldrige health care pilot criteria.
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